LPIC-2 Exam 201 Topics
- Capacity Planning
- Linux Kernel
- System Startup
- Filesystem and devices
- Advanced Storage Device
- Administration
- Networking Configuration
- System Maintenance
LPIC-2 Exam 202 Topics
- Domain Name Server
- Web Services
- File Sharing
- Network Client Management
- Email-Services
- System Security
Prerequisites
An active LPIC-1 Certification
Why take the LPIC-2 Exam?
LPIC-2 is the second certification in the LPI’s multi-level LINUX Professional certification program.
It will validate your ability to design and administer mixed networks.
What jobs can I get with the LPIC-2 Certification?
- Network administrator
- Enterprise Server Engineer
- QA Engineer
- Systems Programmer
- Application Programmer
- Database Administrator
- Programmer/Analyst
- System Architect
What are the exam objectives?
Topic 200: Capacity Planning
200.1 Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage
Weight: 6
Description: Candidates should be able to measure hardware resource and network bandwidth, identify and troubleshoot resource problems.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Measure CPU usage
- Measure memory usage
- Measure disk I/O
- Measure network I/O
- Measure firewalling and routing throughput
- Map client bandwidth usage
- Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems
- Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
iostat
netstat
w
top
sar
processes blocked on I/O
blocks out
vmstat
pstree, ps
Isof
uptime
swap
blocks in
200.2 Predict Future Resource Needs
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to monitor resource usage to predict future resource needs.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Use monitoring and measurement tools to monitor IT infrastructure usage.
Predict capacity break point of a configuration
Observe growth rate of capacity usage
Graph the trend of capacity usage
Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Icinga2, Nagios, collectd, MRTG and Cacti
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
diagnose
predict growth
resource exhaustion
Topic 201: Linux Kernel
201.1 Kernel Components
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to utilize kernel components that are necessary to specific hardware, hardware drivers, system resources and requirements. This objective includes implementing different types of kernel images, identifying stable and development kernels and patches, as well as using kernel modules.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Kernel 2.6.x, 3.x and 4.x documentation
Terms and Utilities:
/usr/src/linux/
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/
zImage
bzImage
xz compression
201.2 Compiling a kernel
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to properly configure a kernel to include or disable specific features of the Linux kernel as necessary. This objective includes compiling and recompiling the Linux kernel as needed, updating and noting changes in a new kernel, creating an initrd image and installing new kernels.
Key Knowledge Areas:
/usr/src/linux/
Kernel Makefiles
Kernel 2.6.x/3.x make targets
Customize the current kernel configuration.
Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules.
Install a new kernel and any modules.
Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files.
Module configuration files
Use DKMS to compile kernel modules.
Awareness of dracut
Terms and Utilities:
mkinitrd
mkinitramfs
make
make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install, rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)
gzip
bzip2
module tools
/usr/src/linux/.config
/lib/modules/kernel-version/
depmod
dkms
201.3 Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to manage and/or query a 2.6.x, 3.x or 4.x kernel and its loadable modules. Candidates should be able to identify and correct common boot and run time issues. Candidates should understand device detection and management using udev. This objective includes troubleshooting udev rules.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules
Manually load and unload kernel modules
Determine when modules can be unloaded
Determine what parameters a module accepts
Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.
/proc filesystem
Content of /, /boot/ , and /lib/modules/
Tools and utilities to analyze information about the available hardware
udev rules
Terms and Utilities:
/lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep
module configuration files in /etc/
/proc/sys/kernel/
/sbin/depmod
/sbin/rmmod
/sbin/modinfo
/bin/dmesg
/sbin/lspci
/usr/bin/lsdev
/sbin/lsmod
/sbin/modprobe
/sbin/insmod
/bin/uname
/usr/bin/lsusb
/etc/sysctl.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/
/sbin/sysctl
udevmonitor
udevadm monitor
/etc/udev/
Topic 202: System Startup
202.1 Customizing SysV-init system startup
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to query and modify the behaviour of system services at various targets / run levels. A thorough understanding of the systemd, SysV Init and the Linux boot process is required. This objective includes interacting with systemd targets and SysV init run levels.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Systemd
SysV init
Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB)
Terms and Utilities:
/usr/lib/systemd/
/etc/systemd/
/run/systemd/
systemctl
systemd-delta
/etc/inittab
/etc/init.d/
/etc/rc.d/
chkconfig
update-rc.d
init and telinit
202.2 System Recovery
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to properly manipulate a Linux system during both the boot process and during recovery mode. This objective includes using both the init utility and init-related kernel options. Candidates should be able to determine the cause of errors in loading and usage of bootloaders. GRUB version 2 and GRUB Legacy are the bootloaders of interest. Both BIOS and UEFI systems are covered.
Key Knowledge Areas:
BIOS and UEFI
NVMe booting
GRUB version 2 and Legacy
grub shell
boot loader start and hand off to kernel
kernel loading
hardware initialisation and setup
daemon/service initialisation and setup
Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device.
Overwrite standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells.
Use systemd rescue and emergency modes.
Terms and Utilities:
mount
fsck
inittab, telinit and init with SysV init
The contents of /boot/, /boot/grub/ and /boot/efi/
EFI System Partition (ESP)
GRUB
grub-install
efibootmgr
UEFI shell
initrd, initramfs
Master boot record
systemctl
202.3 Alternate Bootloaders
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be aware of other bootloaders and their major features.
Key Knowledge Areas:
SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX
Understanding of PXE for both BIOS and UEFI
Awareness of systemd-boot and U-Boot
Terms and Utilities:
syslinux
extlinux
isolinux.bin
isolinux.cfg
isohdpfx.bin
efiboot.img
pxelinux.0
pxelinux.cfg/
uefi/shim.efi
uefi/grubx64.efi
Topic 203: Filesystem and Devices
203.1 Operating the Linux filesystem
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to properly configure and navigate the standard Linux filesystem. This objective includes configuring and mounting various filesystem types.
Key Knowledge Areas:
The concept of the fstab configuration
Tools and utilities for handling swap partitions and files
Use of UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems
Understanding of systemd mount units
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/fstab
/etc/mtab
/proc/mounts
mount and umount
blkid
sync
swapon
swapoff
203.2 Maintaining a Linux filesystem
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain a Linux filesystem using system utilities. This objective includes manipulating standard filesystems and monitoring SMART devices.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4
Tools and utilities to perform basic Btrfs operations, including subvolumes and snapshots
Tools and utilities to manipulate XFS
Awareness of ZFS
Terms and Utilities:
mkfs (mkfs.*)
mkswap
fsck (fsck.*)
tune2fs, dumpe2fs and debugfs
btrfs, btrfs-convert
xfs_info, xfs_check, xfs_repair, xfsdump and xfsrestore
smartd, smartctl
203.3 Creating and configuring filesystem options
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure automount filesystems using AutoFS. This objective includes configuring automount for network and device filesystems. Also included is creating filesystems for devices such as CD-ROMs and a basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems.
Key Knowledge Areas:
autofs configuration files
Understanding of automount units
UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities
Awareness of other CD-ROM filesystems (HFS)
Awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)
Basic feature knowledge of data encryption (dm-crypt / LUKS)
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/auto.master
/etc/auto.[dir]
mkisofs
cryptsetup
Topic 204: Advanced Storage Device Administration
204.1 Configuring RAID
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to configure and implement software RAID. This objective includes using and configuring RAID 0, 1 and 5.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Software raid configuration files and utilities
Terms and Utilities:
mdadm.conf
mdadm
/proc/mdstat
partition type 0xFD
204.2 Adjusting Storage Device Access
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure kernel options to support various drives. This objective includes software tools to view & modify hard disk settings including iSCSI devices.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA
Tools and utilities to configure Solid State Drives including AHCI and NVMe
Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyse system resources (e.g. interrupts)
Awareness of sdparm command and its uses
Tools and utilities for iSCSI
Awareness of SAN, including relevant protocols (AoE, FCoE)
Terms and Utilities:
hdparm, sdparm
nvme
tune2fs
fstrim
sysctl
/dev/hd*, /dev/sd*, /dev/nvme*
iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf
WWID, WWN, LUN numbers
204.3 Logical Volume Manager
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to create and remove logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes. This objective includes snapshots and resizing logical volumes.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Tools in the LVM suite
Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes
Creating and maintaining snapshots
Activating volume groups
Terms and Utilities:
/sbin/pv*
/sbin/lv*
/sbin/vg*
mount
/dev/mapper/
lvm.conf
Topic 205: Network Configuration
205.1 Basic networking configuration
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a network device to be able to connect to a local, wired or wireless, and a wide-area network. This objective includes being able to communicate between various subnets within a single network including both IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
Configuring basic access to wireless networks
Terms and Utilities:
ip
ifconfig
route
arp
iw
iwconfig
iwlist
205.2 Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a network device to implement various network authentication schemes. This objective includes configuring a multi-homed network device and resolving communication problems.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Utilities to manipulate routing tables
Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
Utilities to analyze the status of the network devices
Utilities to monitor and analyze the TCP/IP traffic
Terms and Utilities:
ip
ifconfig
route
arp
ss
netstat
lsof
ping, ping6
nc
tcpdump
nmap
205.3 Troubleshooting Network Issues
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to identify and correct common network setup issues, to include knowledge of locations for basic configuration files and commands.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Location and content of access restriction files
Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
Utilities to manage routing tables
Utilities to list network states.
Utilities to gain information about the network configuration
Methods of information about the recognized and used hardware devices
System initialization files and their contents (SysV init process)
Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration
Terms and Utilities:
ip
ifconfig
route
ss
netstat
/etc/network/, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ping, ping6
traceroute, traceroute6
mtr
hostname
System log files such as /var/log/syslog, /var/log/messages and the systemd journal
dmesg
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/hostname, /etc/HOSTNAME
/etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny
Topic 206: System Maintenance
206.1 Make and install programs from source
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to build and install an executable program from source. This objective includes being able to unpack a file of sources.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities
Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs
Apply parameters to a configure script
Know where sources are stored by default
Terms and Utilities:
/usr/src/
gunzip
gzip
bzip2
xz
tar
configure
make
uname
install
patch
206.2 Backup operations
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to use system tools to back up important system data.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Knowledge about directories that have to be include in backups
Awareness of network backup solutions such as Amanda, Bacula, Bareos and BackupPC
Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media
Perform partial and manual backups.
Verify the integrity of backup files.
Partially or fully restore backups.
Terms and Utilities:
/bin/sh
dd
tar
/dev/st* and /dev/nst*
mt
rsync
206.3 Notify users on system-related issues
Weight: 1
Description: Candidates should be able to notify the users about current issues related to the system.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Automate communication with users through logon messages
Inform active users of system maintenance
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/issue
/etc/issue.net
/etc/motd
wall
/sbin/shutdown
systemctl
Topic 207: Domain Name Server
207.1 Basic DNS server configuration
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to configure BIND to function as a caching-only DNS server. This objective includes the ability to manage a running server and configuring logging.
Key Knowledge Areas:
BIND 9.x configuration files, terms and utilities
Defining the location of the BIND zone files in BIND configuration files
Reloading modified configuration and zone files
Awareness of dnsmasq, djbdns and PowerDNS as alternate name servers
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
/etc/named.conf
/var/named/
/usr/sbin/rndc
kill
host
dig
207.2 Create and maintain DNS zones
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to create a zone file for a forward or reverse zone and hints for root level servers. This objective includes setting appropriate values for records, adding hosts in zones and adding zones to the DNS. A candidate should also be able to delegate zones to another DNS server.
Key Knowledge Areas:
BIND 9 configuration files, terms and utilities
Utilities to request information from the DNS server
Layout, content and file location of the BIND zone files
Various methods to add a new host in the zone files, including reverse zones
Terms and Utilities:
/var/named/
zone file syntax
resource record formats
named-checkzone
named-compilezone
masterfile-format
dig
nslookup
host
207.3 Securing a DNS server
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a DNS server to run as a non-root user and run in a chroot jail. This objective includes secure exchange of data between DNS servers.
Key Knowledge Areas:
BIND 9 configuration files
Configuring BIND to run in a chroot jail
Split configuration of BIND using the forwarders statement
Configuring and using transaction signatures (TSIG)
Awareness of DNSSEC and basic tools
Awareness of DANE and related records
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/named.conf
/etc/passwd
DNSSEC
dnssec-keygen
dnssec-signzone
Topic 208: Web Services
208.1 Implementing a web server
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure a web server. This objective includes monitoring the server’s load and performance, restricting client user access, configuring support for scripting languages as modules and setting up client user authentication. Also included is configuring server options to restrict usage of resources. Candidates should be able to configure a web server to use virtual hosts and customize file access.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Apache 2.4 configuration files, terms and utilities
Apache log files configuration and content
Access restriction methods and files
mod_perl and PHP configuration
Client user authentication files and utilities
Configuration of maximum requests, minimum and maximum servers and clients
Apache 2.4 virtual host implementation (with and without dedicated IP addresses)
Using redirect statements in Apache’s configuration files to customize file access
Terms and Utilities:
access logs and error logs
.htaccess
httpd.conf
mod_auth_basic, mod_authz_host and mod_access_compat
htpasswd
AuthUserFile, AuthGroupFile
apachectl, apache2ctl
httpd, apache2
208.2 Apache configuration for HTTPS
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a web server to provide HTTPS.
Key Knowledge Areas:
SSL configuration files, tools and utilities
Generate a server private key and CSR for a commercial CA
Generate a self-signed Certificate
Install the key and certificate, including intermediate CAs
Configure Virtual Hosting using SNI
Awareness of the issues with Virtual Hosting and use of SSL
Security issues in SSL use, disable insecure protocols and ciphers
Terms and Utilities:
Apache2 configuration files
/etc/ssl/, /etc/pki/
openssl, CA.pl
SSLEngine, SSLCertificateKeyFile, SSLCertificateFile
SSLCACertificateFile, SSLCACertificatePath
SSLProtocol, SSLCipherSuite, ServerTokens, ServerSignature, TraceEnable
208.3 Implementing a proxy server
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure a proxy server, including access policies, authentication and resource usage.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Squid 3.x configuration files, terms and utilities
Access restriction methods
Client user authentication methods
Layout and content of ACL in the Squid configuration files
Terms and Utilities:
squid.conf
acl
http_access
208.4 Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure a reverse proxy server, Nginx. Basic configuration of Nginx as a HTTP server is included.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Nginx
Reverse Proxy
Basic Web Server
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/nginx/
nginx
Topic 209: File Sharing
209.1 SAMBA Server Configuration
Weight: 5
Description: Candidates should be able to set up a Samba server for various clients. This objective includes setting up Samba as a standalone server as well as integrating Samba as a member in an Active Directory. Furthermore, the configuration of simple CIFS and printer shares is covered. Also covered is a configuring a Linux client to use a Samba server. Troubleshooting installations is also tested.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Samba 4 documentation
Samba 4 configuration files
Samba 4 tools and utilities and daemons
Mounting CIFS shares on Linux
Mapping Windows user names to Linux user names
User-Level, Share-Level and AD security
Terms and Utilities:
smbd, nmbd, winbindd
smbcontrol, smbstatus, testparm, smbpasswd, nmblookup
samba-tool
net
smbclient
mount.cifs
/etc/samba/
/var/log/samba/
209.2 NFS Server Configuration
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to export filesystems using NFS. This objective includes access restrictions, mounting an NFS filesystem on a client and securing NFS.
Key Knowledge Areas:
NFS version 3 configuration files
NFS tools and utilities
Access restrictions to certain hosts and/or subnets
Mount options on server and client
TCP Wrappers
Awareness of NFSv4
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/exports
exportfs
showmount
nfsstat
/proc/mounts
/etc/fstab
rpcinfo
mountd
portmapper
Topic 210: Network Client Management
210.1 DHCP configuration
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a DHCP server. This objective includes setting default and per client options, adding static hosts and BOOTP hosts. Also included is configuring a DHCP relay agent and maintaining the DHCP server.
Key Knowledge Areas:
DHCP configuration files, terms and utilities
Subnet and dynamically-allocated range setup
Awareness of DHCPv6 and IPv6 Router Advertisements
Terms and Utilities:
dhcpd.conf
dhcpd.leases
DHCP Log messages in syslog or systemd journal
arp
dhcpd
radvd
radvd.conf
210.2 PAM authentication
Weight: 3
Description: The candidate should be able to configure PAM to support authentication using various available methods. This includes basic SSSD functionality.
Key Knowledge Areas:
PAM configuration files, terms and utilities
passwd and shadow passwords
Use sssd for LDAP authentication
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/pam.d/
pam.conf
nsswitch.conf
pam_unix, pam_cracklib, pam_limits, pam_listfile, pam_sss
sssd.conf
210.3 LDAP client usage
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to perform queries and updates to an LDAP server. Also included is importing and adding items, as well as adding and managing users.
Key Knowledge Areas:
LDAP utilities for data management and queries
Change user passwords
Querying the LDAP directory
Terms and Utilities:
ldapsearch
ldappasswd
ldapadd
ldapdelete
210.4 Configuring an OpenLDAP server
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a basic OpenLDAP server including knowledge of LDIF format and essential access controls.
Key Knowledge Areas:
OpenLDAP
Directory based configuration
Access Control
Distinguished Names
Changetype Operations
Schemas and Whitepages
Directories
Object IDs, Attributes and Classes
Terms and Utilities:
slapd
slapd-config
LDIF
slapadd
slapcat
slapindex
/var/lib/ldap/
loglevel
Topic 211: E-Mail Services
211.1 Using e-mail servers
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to manage an e-mail server, including the configuration of e-mail aliases, e-mail quotas and virtual e-mail domains. This objective includes configuring internal e-mail relays and monitoring e-mail servers.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Configuration files for postfix
Basic TLS configuration for postfix
Basic knowledge of the SMTP protocol
Awareness of sendmail and exim
Terms and Utilities:
Configuration files and commands for postfix
/etc/postfix/
/var/spool/postfix/
sendmail emulation layer commands
/etc/aliases
mail-related logs in /var/log/
211.2 Managing E-Mail Delivery
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to implement client e-mail management software to filter, sort and monitor incoming user e-mail.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Understanding of Sieve functionality, syntax and operators
Use Sieve to filter and sort mail with respect to sender, recipient(s), headers and size
Awareness of procmail
Terms and Utilities:
Conditions and comparison operators
keep, fileinto, redirect, reject, discard, stop
Dovecot vacation extension
211.3 Managing Remote E-Mail Delivery
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure POP and IMAP daemons.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Dovecot IMAP and POP3 configuration and administration
Basic TLS configuration for Dovecot
Awareness of Courier
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/dovecot/
dovecot.conf
doveconf
doveadm
Topic 212: System Security
212.1 Configuring a router
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a system to forward IP packet and perform network address translation (NAT, IP masquerading) and state its significance in protecting a network. This objective includes configuring port redirection, managing filter rules and averting attacks.
Key Knowledge Areas:
iptables and ip6tables configuration files, tools and utilities
Tools, commands and utilities to manage routing tables.
Private address ranges (IPv4) and Unique Local Addresses as well as Link Local Addresses (IPv6)
Port redirection and IP forwarding
List and write filtering and rules that accept or block IP packets based on source or destination protocol, port and address
Save and reload filtering configurations
Terms and Utilities:
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/
/proc/sys/net/ipv6/
/etc/services
iptables
ip6tables
212.2 Securing FTP servers
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure an FTP server for anonymous downloads and uploads. This objective includes precautions to be taken if anonymous uploads are permitted and configuring user access.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Configuration files, tools and utilities for Pure-FTPd and vsftpd
Awareness of ProFTPd
Understanding of passive vs. active FTP connections
Terms and Utilities:
vsftpd.conf
important Pure-FTPd command line options
212.3 Secure shell (SSH)
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to configure and secure an SSH daemon. This objective includes managing keys and configuring SSH for users. Candidates should also be able to forward an application protocol over SSH and manage the SSH login.
Key Knowledge Areas:
OpenSSH configuration files, tools and utilities
Login restrictions for the superuser and the normal users
Managing and using server and client keys to login with and without password
Usage of multiple connections from multiple hosts to guard against loss of connection to remote host following configuration changes
Terms and Utilities:
ssh
sshd
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/ssh/
Private and public key files
PermitRootLogin, PubKeyAuthentication, AllowUsers, PasswordAuthentication, Protocol
212.4 Security tasks
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to receive security alerts from various sources, install, configure and run intrusion detection systems and apply security patches and bugfixes.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Tools and utilities to scan and test ports on a server
Locations and organizations that report security alerts as Bugtraq, CERT or other sources
Tools and utilities to implement an intrusion detection system (IDS)
Awareness of OpenVAS and Snort
Terms and Utilities:
telnet
nmap
fail2ban
nc
iptables
212.5 OpenVPN
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure a VPN (Virtual Private Network) and create secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections.
Key Knowledge Areas:
OpenVPN
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/openvpn/
openvpn